Before you apply to a university or vocational school in Japan, it’s important to understand how the academic year works. Japan’s school calendar is different from many Western countries, and knowing the timing of terms, holidays, and intakes will help you plan your studies smoothly.
How the Japanese academic year works
Japan follows a school year that begins in April and ends the following March. This calendar applies to most education levels across the country, including both universities and vocational schools.
Main features of the academic calendar
School year start:
- The new year begins in early April, marked by nyūgakushiki (entrance ceremonies).
School year end:
- The year concludes in March, with graduation ceremonies taking place before the spring break.
Breaks and holidays:
- Summer break: late July to late August
- Winter break: late December to early January
- Spring break: mid-March to early April
These breaks can vary slightly depending on the institution, but most schools follow this general structure.
Universities vs. vocational schools: what stays the same
Although universities and vocational schools differ in programme length, teaching style, and specialization, they generally follow the same April – March structure.
Universities
- Usually operate on a two-semester system (April – September and October – March).
- Some offer a fall intake (September or October), especially for international programs — but April remains the main start date.
Vocational schools (senmon gakko)
- Most follow the April start and March end.
- Programme lengths commonly run two to three years.
- Some vocational schools also offer October or September intakes for specific courses or international students, though this varies.
Academic calendar overview (universities & vocational schools)
Note: The dates and semester structure shown in this table are typical examples. Exact start/end dates, breaks, and fall intake availability vary by school and programme, so always check the specific institution’s academic calendar.
| Feature | Universities | Vocational Schools | Notes |
| Academic Year | April — March | April — March | Some vocational schools can offer an October intake |
| Semesters / Terms | Two semesters: April — September; October — March | Usually aligned with university schedule | Semester lengths may vary slightly |
| Main Intake | April | April | Most students start in April |
| Alternative Intake | October (limited programs) | October (limited programs) | Mainly for international students |
| Summer Break | Late July — Late August | Late July — Late August | Duration may vary by school |
| Winter Break | Late December — Early January | Late December — Early January | Standard across schools |
| Spring Break | Mid March — Early April | Mid March — Early April | Precedes the new academic year |
| Graduation | March | March | Graduation ceremonies usually held in March |
| Application Timeline | October — February (previous year) | October — February (previous year) | Apply early for April intake; fall intake may have different deadlines |
Typical application timeline
Because the school year begins in April, applications are usually completed months in advance. International students commonly follow this rhythm:
- Research & preparation: 9 – 12 months before enrollment
- Submit application: usually sometime between October and February (varies by school)
- Receive results & prepare documents: before March
- Visa application: three to six months before arrival
- Arrive in Japan: March or early April for orientation
This timeline applies broadly across the schools listed, whether you are applying to a four-year university or a two- to three-year vocational programme.
How the academic calendar affects international students
Aligning your studies
If you are coming to Japan directly from high school abroad or from a Japanese language school, planning around the April start is the most straightforward path. The country’s visa system, scholarship cycles, and orientation schedules are all aligned with this spring beginning.
Transitioning from language school
Many students complete Japanese language school programmes in March, making the transition into an April university or vocational programme seamless.
Fall intake considerations
If you choose a fall intake (when available):
- Deadlines may differ significantly from April programmes.
- Availability varies by school and programme.
- It can be a good option if your studies abroad finish mid-year.
Why does Japan’s academic year begin in April?
Japan’s academic year aligns with several important national rhythms:
- Cherry blossom season (symbol of new beginnings).
- The start of the financial year for businesses and the government.
- Hiring cycles for new university graduates.
Because of these traditions, the April start has remained the standard across the country, even as more schools gradually introduce fall intakes for global accessibility.
Planning your study timeline
To stay on track, keep these simple guidelines in mind:
- Begin researching schools at least one year in advance.
- Prepare for tests, documents, and application forms early.
- Check whether the school you are interested in offers only April, or also September/October entry.
- Make sure your academic or language programme ends before March if you want to start in April.
Understanding Japan’s academic calendar helps you choose the right school, set realistic timelines, and prepare your visa and arrival plans with confidence. Whether you choose a university or vocational school, aligning with the Japanese school year is the key to a smooth and successful study experience.
Make sure to check out the Schools in Japan directory to find schools that interest you, and begin your journey in Japan.
